Phagograms

Bacteriophages are characterized by a high host specificity towards bacteria. The phagogram, similar to the antibiogram, is used to test the sensitivity of clinical bacterial isolates to the lytic activity of bacteriophages. Phagograms are prepared according to the standardized procedure established at the Eliava Institute, Tbilisi, Georgia.

Phagogram on a TS agar plate using the top agar method on P. aeruginosa

The phagogram illustrated shows the in vitro efficacy of different bacteriophage suspensions. The different morphology of the lysis zones can be clearly seen.

CL = “confluent lysis”, clear lysis, one clear lysis zone throughout, positive

SCL = “semi-confluent lysis”, semi-confluent lysis, one clear lysis zone throughout with a faint hazy background, weakly positive

IP = “individual plaques”, individual plaques, weakly positive

Phagogram on a TS agar plate using the top agar method on S. pseudintermedius

The phagogram illustrated shows the in vitro efficacy of different bacteriophage suspensions. The different morphology of the lysis zones can be clearly seen.

CL = “confluent lysis”, clear lysis, one clear lysis zone throughout, positive

SCL = “semi-confluent lysis”, semi-confluent lysis, one clear lysis zone throughout with a faint hazy background, weakly positive

IP = “individual plaques”, individual plaques, weakly positive

Phagograms

Bacteriophages are characterized by a high host specificity towards bacteria. The phagogram, similar to the antibiogram, is used to test the sensitivity of clinical bacterial isolates to the lytic activity of bacteriophages. Phagograms are prepared according to the standardized procedure established at the Eliava Institute, Tbilisi, Georgia.

Literaturnachweis

Chanishvili, N., Myelnikov, D., and Blauvelt, T. K. (2022). Professor Giorgi Eliava and the Eliava Institute of Bacteriophage. Phage (New Rochelle) 3, 71–80. doi: 10.1089/phage.2022.0016
E. H. Hankin (1895). Observations on Cholera in India. Ind Med Gaz.
Eaton, M. D., and Bayne-Jones, S. (1934). Bacteriophage Therapy. JAMA 103, 1769. doi: 10.1001/jama.1934.72750490003007
Felix d’Herelle (1917). On an invisible microbe antagonistic to dysentery bacilli.
Florian Georg Leupold (2018). Die Geschichte des VEB Serum-Werk Bernburg von 1954 bis 1990 unter besonderer Berücksichtgung biogener Arzneistoffe.
Frederick W. Twort (1915). An investigation on the nature of ultra-microscopic viruses.
Hankin, E. H. (1905). On the Epidemiology of Plague. J. Hyg. 5, 48–83. doi: 10.1017/s0022172400002357
Krueger, A. P., and Scribner E. Jane (1941). The Bacteriophage. JAMA 116, 2269. doi: 10.1001/jama.1941.62820200013011
Ruska, H. (1942). “Morphologische Befunde bei der bakteriophagen Lyse,” in Morphologische Befunde bei der bakteriophagen Lyse (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg), 345–387.

Phagograms

Phagogram on a TS agar plate using the top agar method on P. aeruginosa

Phagogram on a TS agar plate using the top agar method on S. pseudintermedius

Phagograms

Literaturnachweis

Chanishvili, N., Myelnikov, D., and Blauvelt, T. K. (2022). Professor Giorgi Eliava and the Eliava Institute of Bacteriophage. Phage (New Rochelle) 3, 71–80. doi: 10.1089/phage.2022.0016

E. H. Hankin (1895). Observations on Cholera in India. Ind Med Gaz.

Eaton, M. D., and Bayne-Jones, S. (1934). Bacteriophage Therapy. JAMA 103, 1769. doi: 10.1001/jama.1934.72750490003007

Felix d’Herelle (1917). On an invisible microbe antagonistic to dysentery bacilli.

Florian Georg Leupold (2018). Die Geschichte des VEB Serum-Werk Bernburg von 1954 bis 1990 unter besonderer Berücksichtgung biogener Arzneistoffe.

Frederick W. Twort (1915). An investigation on the nature of ultra-microscopic viruses.

Hankin, E. H. (1905). On the Epidemiology of Plague. J. Hyg. 5, 48–83. doi: 10.1017/s0022172400002357

Krueger, A. P., and Scribner E. Jane (1941). The Bacteriophage. JAMA 116, 2269. doi: 10.1001/jama.1941.62820200013011

Ruska, H. (1942). “Morphologische Befunde bei der bakteriophagen Lyse,” in Morphologische Befunde bei der bakteriophagen Lyse (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg), 345–387.